Understanding Palpitations: Causes, Symptoms, and Management

Palpitations are a common reason why people seek medical advice. They can feel alarming, but not all palpitations are a sign of a serious problem. Understanding what palpitations are, what causes them, and when to seek medical help is essential.

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What are Palpitations?

Palpitations are the sensation of feeling your own heartbeat. You might notice your heart beating faster than usual, pounding, fluttering, or skipping beats. They can occur in the chest, throat, or neck.

While palpitations are often harmless, they can sometimes indicate an underlying heart condition, so it’s important to know when to be concerned.

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Causes of Palpitations

Palpitations can have many causes, including:

1. Lifestyle Factors:
   • Stress, anxiety, or panic attacks
   • Caffeine, alcohol, or nicotine
   • Vigorous exercise
   • Lack of sleep
2. Medical Conditions:
   • Anaemia
   • Thyroid disorders (such as hyperthyroidism)
   • Low blood sugar
   • Fever
3. Heart-Related Causes:
   • Arrhythmias (abnormal heart rhythms)
   • Heart valve problems
   • Heart failure
4. Medications and Substances:
   • Certain asthma inhalers
   • Cold and cough medicines
   • Recreational drugs such as cocaine

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Recognising Palpitations

Palpitations can vary in how they feel. Common descriptions include:

• Rapid heartbeat (racing heart)
• Irregular heartbeat (skipped or extra beats)
• Pounding or thumping sensation
• Fluttering in the chest

These sensations might last for seconds, minutes, or longer.

⚠️ Warning Signs: Seek urgent medical attention if palpitations are accompanied by:

• Chest pain or discomfort
• Shortness of breath
• Fainting or near-fainting
• Severe dizziness

These could be signs of a serious heart condition that needs immediate care.

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What Should You Do About Palpitations?

1. Assess the Situation:
   • If palpitations are mild and occasional, monitor your symptoms.
   • Consider triggers such as caffeine, stress, or lack of sleep.
2. Seek Medical Advice:
   • If palpitations occur frequently or last longer than a few minutes
   • If you have a history of heart disease
   • If you’re unsure about the cause
3. Lifestyle Changes:
   • Reduce caffeine and alcohol intake
   • Quit smoking
   • Practise stress management techniques, such as mindfulness or yoga
   • Ensure adequate sleep
4. Medical Treatments and Tests:
   • Electrocardiogram (ECG): To check your heart rhythm
   • Holter monitor: A portable device worn for 24-48 hours to record heart activity
   • Blood tests: To check for anaemia, thyroid function, and other issues
   • Referral to a cardiologist: If a heart rhythm problem is suspected

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When to Call Emergency Services Immediately

Dial 999 if:

• You have chest pain with palpitations
• You faint or feel faint
• You have severe shortness of breath
• You suspect a heart attack (every second counts)

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Final Thoughts

Palpitations are common and often harmless, but they can sometimes signal a serious problem. Understanding the causes and knowing when to seek medical attention can protect your heart health.

Don’t ignore persistent or severe palpitations — always seek professional medical advice.

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Disclaimer: This blog is for informational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with concerns about your health.