Dizziness – Dr Majd Protty

Understanding Dizziness: Cardiac Causes, Symptoms, and Management

Dizziness can be unsettling and may sometimes be linked to underlying heart conditions. Recognising when dizziness is cardiac-related, understanding the symptoms, and knowing when to seek help is vital for timely and effective care.

What is Dizziness?

Dizziness refers to sensations such as feeling faint, light-headed, unsteady, or experiencing a loss of balance. While it can have many causes, cardiac-related dizziness can indicate a serious problem and requires prompt medical attention.

Cardiac Causes of Dizziness

Arrhythmias: Abnormal heart rhythms, such as atrial fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia, can reduce blood flow to the brain, causing dizziness.
Heart Valve Problems: Malfunctioning heart valves can restrict proper blood flow, leading to episodes of dizziness or fainting.
Heart Failure: Inefficient pumping of the heart can lead to reduced circulation, causing dizziness and fatigue.
Bradycardia (Slow Heart Rate): When the heart beats too slowly, it may not supply enough blood to the brain, resulting in light-headedness or fainting.
Postural Hypotension: A sudden drop in blood pressure when standing up, which may be related to heart conditions or medications, can cause dizziness.
Aortic Stenosis: Narrowing of the aortic valve reduces blood flow from the heart, often causing dizziness, especially during exertion.

Recognising Cardiac-Related Dizziness

Signs that dizziness may be linked to a heart condition include:

Dizziness triggered by physical activity
Fainting or near-fainting episodes
Rapid, irregular, or slow heartbeat
Chest pain or pressure
Shortness of breath
Palpitations accompanying dizziness

⚠️ Emergency Signs: Seek urgent medical attention if dizziness occurs with:

Loss of consciousness
Chest pain or discomfort
Severe shortness of breath
Sudden, severe headache
Difficulty speaking or confusion

These could be signs of a heart attack, stroke, or other life-threatening conditions.

What Should You Do?

Seek Immediate Care for Emergencies: Call 999 in the UK for sudden, severe dizziness, especially if accompanied by chest pain, fainting, or breathing difficulties.
Consult Your GP: For persistent, recurring, or unexplained dizziness, particularly with a history of heart disease.
Monitor Symptoms: Keep a record of when dizziness occurs, its duration, and any associated symptoms.

Tests and Treatments

Electrocardiogram (ECG): Assesses heart rhythm and detects abnormalities.
Echocardiogram: Evaluates heart function and structure.
Holter Monitor: Monitors heart rhythm continuously over 24-48 hours.
Tilt Table Test: Determines how changes in posture affect heart rate and blood pressure.
Blood Tests: Checks for anaemia, thyroid function, and other relevant issues.

Treatment Options

Medications: To control heart rhythm, blood pressure, or treat heart failure.
Pacemaker Installation: For bradycardia or heart block.
Surgical Interventions: Such as valve repair or replacement.
Lifestyle Adjustments: Reducing alcohol, avoiding sudden standing, and maintaining hydration.

Recovery and Self-Care

Avoid Sudden Movements: Stand up slowly from seated or lying positions.
Adhere to Medication Plans: Never stop or change medications without consulting your GP.
Regular Monitoring: Track blood pressure, heart rate, and any recurrent dizziness.

Final Thoughts

Dizziness linked to heart conditions can be a warning sign of serious health issues. Understanding cardiac causes and recognising when to seek medical help are crucial. If you experience sudden or severe dizziness, dial 999 immediately — prompt action can save lives.

Disclaimer: This blog is for informational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with concerns about your health.